Naming Bases in Chemistry

In this lesson, we will explore how to correctly name chemical bases. Bases are substances that can accept protons $H^{+}$ or donate electron pairs. The naming of bases typically involves the identification of the hydroxide ion $(OH)^{-}$ in their structure.

Key Rules for Naming Bases:

1. Identify the Cation: The first step is to identify the metal cation in the base.
2. Use the Metal Name: Use the name of the metal as is, including its oxidation state if necessary (for transition metals).
3. Add Hydroxide: Follow the name of the cation with the term 'hydroxide'.
   • For example, for sodium hydroxide, we start with sodium $Na^{+}$ and add hydroxide $(OH)^{-}$, resulting in the name sodium hydroxide.

Examples:

• $NaOH$: Sodium Hydroxide
• $Ca(OH)_{2}$: Calcium Hydroxide
• $Fe(OH)_{3}$: Iron(III) Hydroxide

Important Notes:

• Hydroxides of Alkali Metals: These are generally soluble in water (e.g., $NaOH$).
• Hydroxides of Alkaline Earth Metals: These vary in solubility (e.g., $Mg(OH)_{2}$ is less soluble).

Key Questions:

• What is the general formula for a base?
• How do you determine the oxidation state of a transition metal in a base?
• Can you give examples of soluble and insoluble hydroxides?

Understanding these principles will facilitate correct naming of various bases in chemistry. Make sure to practice with different metal cations to build confidence!